McDougal Littell World History Chapter 36 sec1-5

                                                                                                        chapter 36

section 1

1.

international space station- An orbiting outpost for scientific, medical, and engineering experiments.

internet-  A global computer network providing a variety of information

genetic engineering- The deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material.

cloning- Make an identical copy of.

green revolution- A large increase in crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties.

2.  

developments	effects
communications	people were able to contact each other more quickly.
health and medicine	there have been many new cures, and more developed which saved many peoples lives.
green revolution	helps the earth by helping global warming, and being more energy efficient.

3. It doesn't, since it has little to do with exploration, strictly speaking. The ISS is a great project that's carrying out a lot of useful research, but going round in circles a few hundred miles up is hardly exploring.

4. Computers have changed the way people work by allowing them to work in real time with others across the entire world. There is no need to send information by regular ground mail when an email can get there in a matter of seconds. Computers have also cut down on cost for a lot of things and made certain jobs no longer needed.

5. All areas of medicine have benefited from scientific and technological development, including: medicine/pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, devices and surgery.

section 2.

1.

developed nation- A country with a relatively high standard of living, achieved primarily through social, economic, and technological infrastructure.

emerging nation- An emerging nation is country that is on its way to becoming an industrialized nation. An emerging nation is a developing country that has achieved some industrial capacity like Brazil and South Korea.

global economy- The world- or global economy generally refers to the economy, which is based on economies of all of the world's countries,

free trade- Free trade is a system of trade policy that allows traders to act and or transact without interference from government.

ozone layer- a layer in the stratosphere (at approximately 20 miles) that contains a concentration of ozone sufficient to block most ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

sustainable growth- Sustainable development is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present.

2.

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3. because jobs are being outsourced their from more developed nations. Knowledge workers have ability to act and communicate with knowledge of a specific subject area.

4. The economic success of the European Union impacted globalization and increased trade.

5. Contrary to popular belief economic development is correlated with healthier environments. As countries develop more, the production procedures become lesspollution based

section 3

1.

proliferation- a rapid increase in number (especially a rapid increase in the number of deadly weapons)

universal declaration of human rights- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a declaration adopted by the United Nations

political dissent- Political dissent refers to any expression designed to convey dissatisfaction with or opposition to the policies of a governing body.

gender inequality- Gender inequality refers to the obvious or hidden disparity between individuals due to gender.

aids- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a disease in which there is a severe loss of the body's cellular immunity, greatly lowering the resistance to infection and malignancy.

refugee- A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster

2.

method	examples
form military alliances	nato, seato, warsaw pact
peacekeeping activities	formation of rules and regulations put in place by nato.

3. The United Nations put a ban on building new weapons of mass destruction.

4. it has decreased the economy of the sub-saharan  african nation.

5. Some positive effects of immigration are: America benefits by paying lower prices for things like restaurant meals, agricultural produce and construction.

section 4.

1.

terrorism- The use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims.

cyberterrorism- The politically motivated use of computers and information technology to cause severe disruption or widespread fear in society.

department of homeland security- the federal department that administers all matters relating to homeland security.

usa patriot act- a statute having nothing to do with patriots or patriotism that gives sweeping new powers to law enforcement with which to spy on, harass, or oppress citizens of the USA.

2.

world terrorist incidents

1972 summer olympic games in germany

2001 september 11 attacks

anthrax attacks

3. terrorism has moved from being a physical issue but now also goes on the internet and people can attack without being physically there.

4. Terrorists have been known to use suicide bombers, chemical weapons and other illegal tactics.

5. The United States amped up airport security and invaded Afghanistan to attempt to remove the Taliban.

section 5

1.

pop culture- Commercial culture based on popular taste.

materialism- A tendency to consider material possessions and physical comfort as more important than spiritual values.

3. The mass media spreads popular culture just by writing about it in magazines and online or talking about it on TV.

4. Western cultures tend to dominate other cultures due to having more natural resources, technologies and products. Western culture has affected other cultures for hundreds of years through trade.

5.  The end of the cold war has created a series of tentative attempts to define "a new world order". So far, the only certainty is that the international community has entered a period of tremendous global transition that, at least for the time

Chapter 35 section 1-5

                                                                                                                                                                 Chapter 35

section 1

1.brasilia- kubitschek  encouraged foreign investment to help pay for development projects.

  land reform-distributing land to the peasants.

  standard of living- level of maternal comfort which is judged by the amount of goods people have.

  recession- slowdown in the economy.

2.

Nation	Steps toward democracy
Brazil	With over 100 million voters, Brazil is one of the biggest democracies in the world. Brazil won three international wars during the 58-year reign of Pedro II and witnessed the consolidation of representative democracy, mainly due to successive elections and unrestricted freedom of the press.
Mexico	After years of demanding greater political autonomy, residents were given the right to directly elect the Head of Government and the representatives of the unicameral Legislative Assembly by popular vote in 1997. This was a major step toward democracy in Mexico.
Argentina	Up until about the mid-20th century, much of Argentina's history was dominated by periods of internal political conflict between Federalists and Unitarians and between civilian and military factions. After World War II, an era of Peronist authoritarian rule and interference in subsequent governments was followed by a military junta that took power in 1976.

3.the military played a large role in shaping the economy of Brazil after a coup which lasted until 1945. The following economy was marked by high inflation, economic stagnation, and the increasing influence of radical political elements. The armed forces, alarmed by these developments, staged another coup on March 31, 1964.

4.They tried to improve life for peasants and workers; carried out land reform. promoted labor rights

5.It helped Thatcher's government to victory in the 1983 general election

section 2.

1. federal government- a political concept in which a group of members are bound together by covenant

   martial law-Military government involving the suspension of ordinary law.

  dissident- A person who opposes official policy,

   apartheid- (in South Africa) A policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race.

   nelson mandela- served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999

2. although both are democratic south africa is making large advancement in goverment. South Africa is widely seen as the most democratic of any nation in Africa and far more than Nigeria but Nigeria is making slow progress. It will take time but things can get better.

3. In Africa, the newly independent nations maintained their imperially defined boundaries to this day.

4. the Nigerian government didn't punish the igbo instead they used federal money to rebuild the igbo region

5. nominally independent ethnic territories created for blacks under apartheid

section 3

1. politburo-The principal policy making committee of a Communist Party.

mikhail gorbachev- Soviet statesman whose foreign policy brought an end to the Cold War

glasnost-The policy or practice of more open consultative government and wider dissemination of information,

perestroika- (in the former Soviet Union) The policy or practice of restructuring or reforming the economic and political system.

boris yeltsin- Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was the first President of the Russian Federation

CIS-Commonwealth of Independent States: an alliance made up of states that had been Soviet Socialist Republics

shock therapy- Sudden and drastic measures taken to solve an intractable problem.

2.

3.managers were given more control over their farms and factories

4. As the Russian federation president, Yeltsin had serious problems after the breakup of the Soviet Union such a bankruptcy. It also happened that various nationalities in the Soviet Union began calling for their own freedom.

5. Putin was the strong-willed prime minister of Russia at he time he pursed war with the Chechens and drove them back.

section 4.

1. solidarity-Unity or agreement of feeling or action

lech walesa- Walesa: Polish labor leader and statesman (born in 1943).

reunification-  the act of coming together again;

ethnic cleansing- The mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society.

2.

former nations	reasons for breakup
yugoslavia	ethnic conflict
czechoslovakia	economic problems

3.In 80-ties the Solidarity movement had over 10 million members, that was the force that would scare any government. It shown that Communism has no support in polish society. In 90- ties the government must've deal with Solidarity and reform the country.

4.they were now committed to human rights & democracy

5. president havel pleas for unity a movement to split the nation & gained support among people

section 5

1. zhou enlai- (1898–1976), Chinese communist statesman

deng xiaoping- 1904–97), Chinese communist statesman

four modernizations- The Four Modernizations were goals set forth by Zhou Enlai in 1963, and which were a focus of the Chinese government.

tiananmen square- A square in the center of Beijing adjacent to the Forbidden City,

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3. His policies are said to have destroyed economic growth.

4.He embraced a set of goals known as the Four Modernizations. These called for progress in agriculture, industry, defense, and science and technology.

5. I would describe China's record on human rights to be poor.